11. Solvent:
An agent that used to dissolve a pharmaceutical substance which might be hydrophilic or lipophilic substance.
Examples:
- Water of Injection.
- Sterile Water for Injection.
- Olive oil.
- Corn Oil.
- Purified Water.
- Glycerin.
- Mineral Oil.
12. Coating Agent:
Mainly used in tablet manufacturing, the main purpose for adding a coating agent is to protect the tablet and its drug components from external factors like Oxygen, humidity or to mask unpleasant odor or taste.
Types of Tablet Coating:
- Sugar coating: The Tablet to be break up in the stomach.
- Film coating: Thin film around the formed tablet and usually dissolves in the stomach.
- Enteric coating: The Tablet to be break up in the intestine.
Examples:
| Sugar Coating | Film Coating | Enteric Coating |
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13. Adsorbent:
An agent that used to adsorb and bind with other agent onto its surface either physically or chemically.
Examples:
- Activated Charcoal. ( The most popular adsorbent)
- Powdered cellulose.
14. Preservatives:
Agents used to protect the pharmaceutical preparations usually liquids and semi-solids from deterioration by micro-organisms or fungi.
Examples:
| Antimicrobial | Anti-fungals |
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15. Buffering Agents:
Agents that used to prevent the change of PH of the pharmaceutical preparations. Buffers are made with Acids or bases and their salts.
Examples:
- Potassium metaphosphate.
- Potassium phosphate Monobasic.
- Sodium acetate.
- Sodium citrate anhydrous and dehydrate.
16. Disintegrant:
Agents to make sure when the tablet in contact with the dissolving medium, they broke up into smaller particles. Thus, facilitating their dissolution. In simple words, agents that are responsible for tablet rupture.
Examples:
Starch, cellulose, crosses linked polyvinyl pyrrolidone, sodium starch glycolate, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose.
17. Binders:
Binders are responsible for the adhesion of the drug with the inactive ingredients in the tablet manufacturing.
There are two types of binders:
- Wet or Solution Binders: ex: Gelatin, cellulose, cellulose derivatives, starch, PVP and Polyethylene glycol.
- Dry Binders: Cellulose and Methyl Cellulose.
18. Diluents/ Fillers :
Their function is to increase the volume of the final product therefor it is easy for patients to handle it. Fillers have to be inert, compatible, compact-able and tasteless or tasteful.
Examples:
Lactose, sucrose, glucose, mannitol, sorbitol, calcium phosphate, calcium carbonate and cellulose.
19. Glidants :
Agents that are used to enhance the flow ability of the powder or the granules.
Examples:
Silica derivatives, talc and corn starch.
20. Lubricants :
To ensure that tablet formation and ejection can occur with low friction between the solid and the die wall. So, the tablet is intact.
Examples:
Calcium Stearate, Zinc Stearate and Magnesium Stearate.
Thank you well explained
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