Electrolytes are minerals found in blood that help regulate the balance of fluids in the body. they are minerals that have a prominent role in regulating blood pressure, muscle contraction and make your system functioning properly.
What is the importance of electrolytes?
the above electrolytes are essential to various bodily functions and an any imbalance could be dangerous and even life threatening.
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What are the normal range of electrolytes in the human body ?
These are the normal lab values of the body electrolytes:
ELECTROLYTE (normal adult range)
DEFICIENCY
EXCESS
POTASSIUM (3.5-5 mEq/L)
HYPOKALEMIA
Excessive loss through vomiting, urination, perspiration, or diarrhea
Use of drugs
Poor intake of potassium
Hyperaldosteronism
HYPERKALEMIA
Renal failure
Hyporaldosteronism
Use of drugs
Excessive intake of potassium
Condition where potassium moves out of tissue cells into plasma
CALCIUM (4.5-5.5 mEq/L)
HYPOCALCEMIA
Hypoparathyroidism
Acute pancreatitis
Hyperphosphatemia
Thyroid carcinoma
Vitamin D deficiency
HYPERCALCEMIA
Prolonged immobilization
Hyperparathyroidism
Malignancy of bone
SODIUM (135-145 mEq/L)
HYPONATREMIA
Excessive loss through diarrhea, sweating, vomiting, or use of diuretics
Excessive water intake
Head injury
Heat stroke
HYPERNATREMIA
Loss of fluids through diarrhea
Deprivation of water
Excessive salt intake
Diabetes insipidus
CHLORIDE (95-108 mEq/ L)
HYPOCHLOREMIA
Addison’s disease
Diarrhea
Metabolic alkalosis
Respiratory acidosis
Vomiting
HYPERCHLOREMIA
Cardiac decompensation
Metabolic acidosis
Respiratory alkalosis
Corticosteroid therapy
Uremia
MAGNESIUM (1.5-2.5 mEq/L)
HYPOMAGNESEMIA
Excessive loss from GI tract
Use of drugs
Chronic alcoholism
Diabetic ketoacidosis
Hyperparathyroidism
HYPERMAGNESEMIA
Renal disease and renal failure
Treatment with magnesium and magnesium-containing medications
PHOSPHATE (2 5-4.5 mEq/L)
HYPOPHOSPHATEMIA
Alkalosis
Diabetes
Chronic alcoholism
Recovery from malnutrition
Severe diarrhea
HYPERPHOSPHATEMIA
Renal failure
Hypoparathyroidism
Excessive ingestion of phosphorus
Trauma
Heat Stroke
Daily electrolytes requirements can be found here.
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