General

List of electrolytes and their normal range

What are the common electrolytes in the body?

  • Calcium.
  • Chloride.
  • Magnesium.
  • Phosphorus.
  • Potassium.
  • Sodium.

Electrolytes are minerals found in blood that help regulate the balance of fluids in the body. they are minerals that have a prominent role in regulating blood pressure, muscle contraction and make your system functioning properly.

What is the importance of electrolytes?

the above electrolytes are essential to various bodily functions and an any imbalance could be dangerous and even life threatening.

importance of electrolytes

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What are the normal range of electrolytes in the human body ?

These are the normal lab values of the body electrolytes:

 
 
ELECTROLYTE
(normal adult range)
DEFICIENCY
EXCESS

POTASSIUM
(3.5-5 mEq/L)

HYPOKALEMIA
  • Excessive loss through vomiting,
    urination, perspiration, or diarrhea
  • Use of drugs
  • Poor intake of potassium
  • Hyperaldosteronism
HYPERKALEMIA
  • Renal failure
  • Hyporaldosteronism
  • Use of drugs
  • Excessive intake of potassium
  • Condition where potassium
    moves out of tissue cells into plasma
CALCIUM
(4.5-5.5 mEq/L)
HYPOCALCEMIA
  • Hypoparathyroidism
  • Acute pancreatitis
  • Hyperphosphatemia
  • Thyroid carcinoma
  • Vitamin D deficiency
HYPERCALCEMIA
  • Prolonged immobilization
  • Hyperparathyroidism
  • Malignancy of bone

SODIUM
(135-145 mEq/L)

HYPONATREMIA 
  • Excessive loss through
    diarrhea, sweating,
    vomiting, or use of diuretics
  • Excessive water intake
  • Head injury
  • Heat stroke
HYPERNATREMIA 
  • Loss of fluids through
    diarrhea
  • Deprivation of water
  • Excessive salt intake
  • Diabetes insipidus

CHLORIDE
(95-108 mEq/ L)

HYPOCHLOREMIA
  • Addison’s disease
  • Diarrhea
  • Metabolic alkalosis
  • Respiratory acidosis
  • Vomiting
HYPERCHLOREMIA
  • Cardiac decompensation
  • Metabolic acidosis
  • Respiratory alkalosis
  • Corticosteroid therapy
  • Uremia

MAGNESIUM
(1.5-2.5 mEq/L)

HYPOMAGNESEMIA
  • Excessive loss from GI tract
  • Use of drugs
  • Chronic alcoholism
  • Diabetic ketoacidosis
  • Hyperparathyroidism
HYPERMAGNESEMIA
  • Renal disease and renal
    failure
  • Treatment with magnesium
    and magnesium-containing
    medications

PHOSPHATE
(2 5-4.5 mEq/L)

HYPOPHOSPHATEMIA
  • Alkalosis
  • Diabetes
  • Chronic alcoholism
  • Recovery from malnutrition
  • Severe diarrhea
HYPERPHOSPHATEMIA
  • Renal failure
  • Hypoparathyroidism
  • Excessive ingestion of
    phosphorus
  • Trauma
  • Heat Stroke

Daily electrolytes requirements can be found here.

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