In our pursuit of optimal patient care, antidotes stand as vital tools. These specialized interventions are designed to counteract the harmful effects of poisonings or excessive medication doses. Our comprehensive compilation is here to provide pharmacists like you with an in-depth overview of commonly used pharmaceutical antidotes, along with the specific substances or drugs they work against.
| Toxin/Drug | Antidote |
|---|---|
| Acetaminophen Overdose | N-acetylcysteine (NAC) |
| Anticholinergic Toxicity | Physostigmine |
| Benzodiazepine Overdose | Flumazenil |
| Beta/Calcium Blockers OD | Glucagon, Calcium Chloride |
| Carbon Monoxide Poisoning | Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy |
| Cyanide Poisoning | Hydroxocobalamin, Sodium Thiosulfate, Sodium Nitrite |
| Digoxin Toxicity | Digoxin-specific Fab fragments (Digoxin-specific antibody fragments) |
| Ethylene Glycol or Methanol Poisoning | Fomepizole, Ethanol |
| Heparin Overdose | Protamine |
| Insulin Overdose | Glucose |
| Iron Overdose | Deferoxamine |
| Isoniazid Overdose | Pyridoxine (Vitamin B6) |
| Lead Poisoning | Dimercaprol (BAL), Succimer, Calcium Disodium Versenate (EDTA) |
| Methemoglobinemia (Nitrate/Nitrite Poisoning) | Methylene Blue |
| Methotrexate Toxicity | Leucovorin (Folinic Acid) |
| Opioid Overdose | Naloxone |
| Organophosphate/Carbamate Poisoning | Atropine, Pralidoxime (2-PAM) |
| Salicylate Poisoning | Sodium Bicarbonate, Hemodialysis (in severe cases) |
| Serotonin Syndrome | Cyproheptadine |
| Snakebite Envenomation | Various antivenom products, depending on the snake species |
| Tricyclic Antidepressant Overdose | Sodium Bicarbonate, Physostigmine |
| Warfarin Overdose/Excessive Bleeding | Phytonadione (Vitamin K) |