List of electrolytes and their normal range

Jul 18, 2020Updated Jul 23, 20201 min read

What are the common electrolytes in the body?

Calcium.
Chloride.
Magnesium.
Phosphorus.
Potassium.
Sodium.

Electrolytes are minerals found in blood that help regulate the balance of fluids in the body. they are minerals that have a prominent role in regulating blood pressure, muscle contraction and make your system functioning properly.

What is the importance of electrolytes?

the above electrolytes are essential to various bodily functions and an any imbalance could be dangerous and even life threatening.

What are the normal range of electrolytes in the human body ?

These are the normal lab values of the body electrolytes:

ELECTROLYTE
(normal adult range)

DEFICIENCY

EXCESS

POTASSIUM
(3.5-5 mEq/L)

HYPOKALEMIA

Excessive loss through vomiting,
urination, perspiration, or diarrhea
Use of drugs
Poor intake of potassium
Hyperaldosteronism

HYPERKALEMIA

Renal failure
Hyporaldosteronism
Use of drugs
Excessive intake of potassium
Condition where potassium
moves out of tissue cells into plasma

CALCIUM
(4.5-5.5 mEq/L)

HYPOCALCEMIA

Hypoparathyroidism
Acute pancreatitis
Hyperphosphatemia
Thyroid carcinoma
Vitamin D deficiency

HYPERCALCEMIA

Prolonged immobilization
Hyperparathyroidism
Malignancy of bone

SODIUM
(135-145 mEq/L)

HYPONATREMIA

Excessive loss through
diarrhea, sweating,
vomiting, or use of diuretics
Excessive water intake
Head injury
Heat stroke

HYPERNATREMIA

Loss of fluids through
diarrhea
Deprivation of water
Excessive salt intake
Diabetes insipidus

CHLORIDE
(95-108 mEq/ L)

HYPOCHLOREMIA

Addison’s disease
Diarrhea
Metabolic alkalosis
Respiratory acidosis
Vomiting

HYPERCHLOREMIA

Cardiac decompensation
Metabolic acidosis
Respiratory alkalosis
Corticosteroid therapy
Uremia

MAGNESIUM
(1.5-2.5 mEq/L)

HYPOMAGNESEMIA

Excessive loss from GI tract
Use of drugs
Chronic alcoholism
Diabetic ketoacidosis
Hyperparathyroidism

HYPERMAGNESEMIA

Renal disease and renal
failure
Treatment with magnesium
and magnesium-containing
medications

PHOSPHATE
(2 5-4.5 mEq/L)

HYPOPHOSPHATEMIA

Alkalosis
Diabetes
Chronic alcoholism
Recovery from malnutrition
Severe diarrhea

HYPERPHOSPHATEMIA

Renal failure
Hypoparathyroidism
Excessive ingestion of
phosphorus
Trauma
Heat Stroke

Daily electrolytes requirements can be found here.

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